I asked this question in Data Group meeting: With Emily Jo Griffith (Colorado) and I have a data-driven nucleosynthetic story for essentially every red-giant-branch star in the SDSS-IV APOGEE survey. Since the parameters of this model relate to the build-up of elements over time, they might be used to indicate age. We matched to the NASA Kepler asteroseismic sample and indeed, our nucleosynthetic parameters do a very good job of predicting ages.
On the RGB, age is mass, and the asteroseismology gives you masses, not ages. There are some funny outliers: Stars with large masses, which means young ages, but with abundances that strongly indicate old ages. Are they young or old? I am betting that they are old, but they’ve undergone mass transfer, accretion, or mergers. If I’m right, what should we look for? The Data Group (plus visitors) suggest looking for binarity, for vertical action (indicating age), for ultraviolet excess (indicating white dwarf companion), for abundance anomalies, and Gaia RUWE. Will do! My money is that all these stars are actually old.
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